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Li-additives le mekhoa ea khatiso ea mocheso o tlaase li ka kopanya lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng tsa elektronike tse jang matla le tse jang matla holim'a li-flexible substrates ka theko e tlaase. lisebelisoa.Passive components-inductors, capacitor, and resistors-etsa mesebetsi e kang ho hloekisa, ho boloka matla a nako e khutšoanyane, le tekanyo ea motlakase, e leng tsa bohlokoa ho matla a motlakase le lisebelisoa tse ling tse ngata. Sehloohong sena, re kenyelletsa li-inductors, capacitor, resistors le RLC lipotoloho skrine- hatisoa ka substrates polasetiki tenyetsehang, 'me ba tlaleha moralo tshebetso ho fokotsa letoto la khanyetso ea inductors e le hore ba ka sebelisoa ka matla disebediswa tsa elektronike .The e hatisitsoeng inductor le resistor ba ka nako eo ho kenyelletsoa ka boost regulator circuit.Manufacture ea organic light-emitting diode le libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse tenyetsehang.Li-voltage regulator li sebelisoa ho matlafatsa li-diode ho tsoa betereng, ho bonts'a bokhoni ba likarolo tse hatisitsoeng tse sa sebetseng ho nka sebaka sa lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale ho li-converter tsa DC-DC.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho 'nile ha etsoa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng tse feto-fetohang lihlahisoa tsa elektronike tse aparoang le tse khōlō le Inthanete ea Lintho1,2.Tsena li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa ho kotula matla, tse kang photovoltaic 3, piezoelectric 4, le thermoelectric 5;lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea matla, joalo ka libeteri 6, 7;le lisebelisoa tse senyang matla, tse kang li-sensor 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, le mehloli ea leseli hlōla ho se lumellane hofe kapa hofe pakeng tsa boitšoaro ba phepelo ea motlakase le litlhoko tsa mojaro. Mohlala, betri e hlahisa matla a feto-fetohang ho latela boemo ba eona ba ho tjhaja. .Motlakase oa elektronike o sebelisa likarolo tse sebetsang (li-transistors) ho etsa mesebetsi ea ho fetola le ho laola, hammoho le likarolo tse sa sebetseng (inductors, capacitors, le resistors) .Ka mohlala, ka potoloho ea tsamaiso ea ho fetola, ho sebelisoa inductor ho boloka matla nakong ea potoloho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea ho fetola. , capacitor e sebelisetsoa ho fokotsa ripple ea motlakase, 'me tekanyo ea motlakase e hlokahalang bakeng sa taolo ea maikutlo e etsoa ka mochine o thibelang ho thibela.
Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa matla tse loketseng lisebelisoa tse ka aparoang (tse kang pulse oximeter 9) li hloka li-volts tse 'maloa le li-milliamp tse' maloa, hangata li sebetsa maemong a maqhubu a makholo a kHz ho isa ho MHz tse 'maloa,' me li hloka μH tse 'maloa le μH inductance le The capacitance μF ke 14 ka ho latellana.Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho etsa lipotoloho tsena ke ho solder likarolo tse fapaneng ho boto e thata e hatisitsoeng ea potoloho (PCB) .Le hoja likarolo tse sebetsang tsa lipotoloho tsa elektronike tsa matla li atisa ho kopanngoa ho ba potoloho e le 'ngoe ea silicon e kopantsoeng (IC), likaroloana tse sa sebetseng hangata ke kantle, ekaba ho lumella lipotoloho tsa tloaelo, kapa hobane inductance e hlokahalang le capacitance li kholo haholo hore li ka kengoa ts'ebetsong ka silicon.
Ha ho bapisoa le theknoloji ea setso e thehiloeng ho PCB, ho etsoa ha lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le lipotoloho ka mokhoa oa khatiso oa tlatsetso ho na le melemo e mengata ho latela mokhoa o bonolo le oa theko.First, kaha likarolo tse ngata tsa potoloho li hloka lisebelisoa tse tšoanang, tse kang tšepe bakeng sa mabitso. le li-interconnections, khatiso e lumella likarolo tse ngata hore li etsoe ka nako e le 'ngoe, ka mehato e fokolang ea ts'ebetso le mehloli e fokolang ea lisebelisoa15.Tšebeliso ea mekhoa e tlatselletsang ho nka sebaka sa mekhoa ea ho tlosa lintho tse kang photolithography le etching e fokotsa ho rarahana ha mokhoa le litšila tsa thepa16, 17, 18, le 19. Ho phaella moo, mocheso o tlaase o sebelisoang khatisong o lumellana le li-substrates tsa polasetiki tse feto-fetohang le tse theko e tlaase, tse lumellang tšebeliso ea mekhoa ea ho etsa li-roll-to-roll e potlakileng ho koahela lisebelisoa tsa elektronike 16, 20 holim'a libaka tse kholo. e ke keng ea hlokomeloa ka botlalo ka likarolo tse hatisitsoeng, mekhoa e nyalisitsoeng e 'nile ea hlahisoa moo likaroloana tsa thekenoloji ea holim'a metsi (SMT) li kopantsoeng le li-flexible substrates 21, 22, 23 haufi le likarolo tse hatisitsoeng ka mocheso o tlaase.Mokhoeng ona oa motsoako, e ntse e le teng ho hlokahala ho nkela likarolo tse ngata tsa SMT sebaka ka liphatlalatso tse hatisitsoeng ho fumana melemo ea lits'ebetso tse eketsehileng le ho eketsa phetoho e akaretsang ea potoloho. likaroloana, ka khatiso e khethehileng ea ho fetola li-inductors tsa SMT tse ngata ka planar spiral inductors. Har'a mekhoa e fapaneng ea theknoloji ea ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse hatisitsoeng, khatiso ea skrine e loketse ka ho khetheha bakeng sa likarolo tse sa sebetseng ka lebaka la botenya ba eona bo boholo ba filimi (e leng ho hlokahalang ho fokotsa letoto la ho hanyetsa likarolo tsa tšepe. ) le lebelo le phahameng la ho hatisa, leha o akaretsa libaka tsa boemo ba lisenthimithara Ho joalo le ka linako tse ling.Material 24.
Tahlehelo ea likarolo tse sa sebetseng tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa matla li tlameha ho fokotsoa, ​​​​hobane ts'ebetso ea potoloho e ama ka ho toba boholo ba matla a hlokahalang ho matlafatsa tsamaiso. Sena se thata haholo bakeng sa li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng tse entsoeng ka li-coil tse telele, tseo ka hona li ka hlaseloang ke lihlopha tse phahameng. Ka hona, le hoja ho entsoe boiteko bo bong ba ho fokotsa khanyetso ea 25, 26, 27, 28 ea li-coil tse hatisitsoeng, ho ntse ho e-na le khaello ea likarolo tse phahameng tse hatisitsoeng tse sa sebetseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse matla. Likaroloana tsa li-flexible substrates li etselitsoe ho sebetsa ka har'a li-circuits tsa radio frequency identification (RFID) kapa sepheo sa ho kotula matla 10, 12, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. Tse ling li shebana le nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa kapa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le ho bonts'a likarolo tse akaretsang. 26, 32, 33, 34 tse sa ntlafatsoang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lipotoloho tsa motlakase tsa motlakase tse joalo ka li-voltage regulator hangata li sebelisa likarolo tse kholo ho feta lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse hatisitsoeng mme ha li hloke resonance, kahoo ho hlokahala meralo ea likarolo tse fapaneng.
Mona, re kenyelletsa moralo le ntlafatso ea li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng skrineng molemong oa μH ho fihlela khanyetso e nyane ka ho fetesisa ea letoto le ts'ebetso e phahameng ho maqhubu a amanang le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. holim'a li-substrates tsa polasetiki tse tenyetsehang.Ho tšoaneleha ha likarolo tsena bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa elektronike tse feto-fetohang ho ile ha bontšoa ka lekhetlo la pele ka potoloho e bonolo ea RLC.Inductor e hatisitsoeng le resistor e ntan'o kopanngoa le IC ho theha boost regulator.Qetellong, diode ea organic light-emitting diode (OLED). ) le betri ea lithium-ion e feto-fetohang e etsoa, ​​​​'me motlakase oa motlakase o sebelisetsoa ho matlafatsa OLED ho tloha betereng.
Bakeng sa ho rala li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, re ile ra bolela esale pele pele ho inductance le khanyetso ea DC ea letoto la li-geometri tsa inductor tse ipapisitseng le mofuta oa lakane oa hajoale o hlahisitsoeng ho Mohan et al.35, le li-inductors tse entsoeng tsa li-geometri tse fapaneng ho tiisa Ho nepahala ha mohlala.Mosebetsing ona, ho ile ha khethoa sebopeho se chitja bakeng sa inductor hobane inductance e phahameng 36 e ka finyelloa ka ho hanyetsa ka tlaase ho bapisoa le geometry ea polygonal. Tšusumetso ea enke mofuta le palo ea lipotoloho tsa khatiso mabapi le khanyetso e ikemiselitse.Liphetho tsena li ile tsa sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa ammeter ho rala li-inductors tsa 4.7 μH le 7.8 μH tse ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa ho hanyetsa bonyane ba DC.
The inductance le DC ho hanyetsa ha spiral inductors ka hlalosoa ka mekhahlelo e 'maloa: bophara bophara etsa, fetola bophara w le spacing s, palo ea ho chenchana n, le conductor sheet resistance Rsheet.Figure 1a bontša foto ea silika-skrine hatisitsoeng chitja inductor. e nang le n = 12, e bonts'ang li-geometric parameters tse khethollang inductance ea eona.Ho ea ka mohlala oa ammeter oa Mohan et al.35, inductance e baloa bakeng sa letoto la li-geometri tsa inductor, moo
(a) Senepe sa inductor se hatisitsoeng skrineng se bonts'ang li-geometric parameters.Bophara ke 3 cm.Inductance (b) le DC resistance (c) ea mefuta e fapaneng ea li-geometries tsa inductor.Mela le matšoao a lumellana le litekanyetso tse baloang le tse lekantsoeng, ka ho latellana. (d,e) Likhahlano tsa DC tsa li-inductors L1 le L2 li hatisitsoe skrineng ka li-inks tsa silevera tsa Dupont 5028 le 5064H, ka ho latellana. (f, g) SEM micrographs ea skrine ea lifilimi e hatisitsoeng ke Dupont 5028 le 5064H, ka ho latellana.
Ka maqhubu a phahameng, phello ea letlalo le capacitance ea parasitic e tla fetola ho hanyetsa le ho ts'oaroa ha inductor ho ea ka boleng ba eona ba DC. The inductor e lebeletsoe hore e sebetse ka lebelo le tlaase ka ho lekaneng hore liphello tsena li hlokomolohuoe, 'me sesebelisoa se itšoara ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng kamehla. ka khanyetso e sa khaotseng letotong.Ka hona, mosebetsing ona, re ile ra sekaseka kamano pakeng tsa li-geometric parameters, inductance, le DC resistance, 'me ra sebelisa liphetho ho fumana inductance e fanoeng ka khanyetso e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa ea DC.
Inductance le ho hanyetsa li baloa bakeng sa letoto la li-geometric parameters tse ka fumanoang ka khatiso ea skrine, 'me ho lebeletsoe hore inductance ka har'a μH e tla hlahisoa. Li-diameter tse ka ntle tsa 3 le 5 cm, bophara ba mela ea 500 le 1000 microns. , 'me ho bapisoa chenchana tse fapa-fapaneng.Ha ho baloa, ho nahanoa hore ho hanyetsa lakane ke 47 mΩ/ □, e lumellanang le 7 μm e teteaneng ea Dupont 5028 silevera microflake conductor layer e hatisitsoeng ka skrine ea 400 mesh le ho beha w = s. lipalo tse baloang tsa inductance le ho hanyetsa li bonts'oa ho 1b le c, ka ho latellana.Mohlala o bolela esale pele hore inductance le ho hanyetsa li tla eketseha ha bophara ba ka ntle le palo ea ho chenchana e eketseha, kapa ha bophara ba mohala bo fokotseha.
E le ho hlahloba ho nepahala ha likhakanyo tsa mohlala, li-inductors tsa li-geometri le li-inductances tse fapa-fapaneng li entsoe holim'a substrate ea polyethylene terephthalate (PET). boleng bo lebelletsoeng, haholo-holo ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa botenya le ho tšoana ha enke e behiloeng, inductance e bontšitse tumellano e ntle haholo le mohlala.
Liphetho tsena li ka sebelisoa ho theha inductor e nang le inductance e hlokahalang le bonyane ba DC ho hanyetsa. Ka mohlala, nka hore ho hlokahala hore ho be le 2 μH. ea 500 μm, le ho fetoha ha 10. Inductance e tšoanang e ka boela ea hlahisoa ho sebelisoa bophara ba 5 cm ka ntle, 500 μm bophara ba mola le 5 ho fetoha kapa 1000 μm bophara ba mola le ho chencha 7 (joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong). li-geometri tse ka khonehang ho Setšoantšo sa 1c, ho ka fumanoa hore khanyetso e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea 5 cm inductor e nang le bophara ba mohala oa 1000 μm ke 34 Ω, e ka bang 40% e ka tlaase ho tse ling tse peli. Ts'ebetso ea kakaretso ea moralo ho finyella inductance e fanoeng. ka ho hanyetsa bonyane ho akaretsoa ka tsela e latelang: Ntlha ea pele, khetha bophara bo ka holimo bo amohelehang ba ka ntle ho ea ka lithibelo tsa sebaka se behiloeng ke kopo.Joale, bophara ba mohala bo lokela ho ba bo boholo ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ha u ntse u finyella inductance e hlokahalang ho fumana tekanyo e phahameng ea ho tlatsa. (Equation (3)).
Ka ho eketsa botenya kapa ho sebelisa thepa e nang le conductivity e phahameng ho fokotsa khanyetso ea lakane ea filimi ea tšepe, ho hanyetsa ha DC ho ka fokotseha ka ho eketsehileng ntle le ho ama inductance.Li-inductors tse peli, tseo likarolo tsa tsona tsa geometri li fanoang ho Lethathamo la 1, le bitsoang L1 le L2, li etsoa ka lipalo tse fapaneng tsa ho roala ho hlahloba phetoho ea ho hanyetsa.Ha palo ea liphahlo tsa enke e ntse e eketseha, ho hanyetsa ho fokotseha ka tsela e lebeletsoeng, joalokaha ho bontšoa ho Figures 1d le e, e leng inductors L1 le L2, ka ho latellana.Figures 1d le e. bontša hore ka ho sebelisa likarolo tse 6 tsa ho roala, ho hanyetsa ho ka fokotsoa ho fihlela makhetlo a 6, 'me ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha ho hanyetsa (50-65%) ho etsahala pakeng tsa lera 1 le lera la 2. Kaha lesela le leng le le leng la enke le batla le le tšesaane, a skrine e nang le boholo bo fokolang ba marang-rang (400 lines per inch) e sebelisetsoa ho hatisa li-inductors tsena, tse re lumellang ho ithuta phello ea botenya ba conductor ho hanyetsa. botenya bo tšoanang (le ho hanyetsa) bo ka finyelloa ka potlako ka ho hatisa palo e nyenyane ea liphahlo tse nang le boholo bo boholo ba marang-rang.Mokhoa ona o ka sebelisoa ho finyella khanyetso ea DC e tšoanang le ea 6-coated inductor e tšohloang mona, empa ka lebelo le phahameng la tlhahiso.
Litšoantšo tsa 1d le e li boetse li bontša hore ka ho sebelisa enke ea silevera e nang le conductive e ngata ea DuPont 5064H, ho hanyetsa ho fokotsoa ka makhetlo a mabeli. bone hore conductivity e tlaase ea enke ea 5028 e bakoa ke boholo ba eona bo fokolang le ho ba teng ha likheo tse ngata pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa filimi e hatisitsoeng. silevera.Le hoja filimi e hlahisoang ke enke ena e tšesaane ho feta enke ea 5028, e nang le lera le le leng la 4 μm le 6 le likarolo tse 22 μm, ho eketseha ha conductivity ho lekane ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa ka kakaretso.
Qetellong, le hoja inductance (equation (1)) e itšetlehile ka palo ea ho chenchana (w + s), ho hanyetsa (equation (5)) ho itšetlehile feela ka bophara ba mohala w.Ka hona, ka ho eketsa w mabapi le s, ho hanyetsa Li-inductors tse peli tse eketsehileng L3 le L4 li etselitsoe ho ba le w = 2s le bophara bo boholo ba ka ntle, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo la 1. Li-inductors tsena li entsoe ka likarolo tse 6 tsa DuPont 5064H coating, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe pejana, ho fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa. The inductance ea L3 ke 4.720 ± 0.002 μH le ho hanyetsa ke 4.9 ± 0.1 Ω, ha inductance ea L4 ke 7.839 ± 0.005 μH le 6.9 ± 0.1 Ω, tse lumellanang hantle le mohlala. keketseho ea botenya, conductivity, le w/s, sena se bolela hore karo-karolelano ea L/R e eketsehile ka ho feta taelo ea boholo bo amanang le boleng bo setšoantšong sa 1.
Leha khanyetso e tlase ea DC e ts'episa, ho lekola ho tšoaneleha ha li-inductors bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa motlakase tse sebetsang sebakeng sa kHz-MHz ho hloka sebopeho ho maqhubu a AC. Setšoantšo sa 2a se bonts'a ho its'etleha khafetsa ha khanyetso le ts'ebetso ea L3 le L4. Bakeng sa maqhubu a ka tlase ho 10 MHz , khanyetso e lula e batla e sa fetohe ho boleng ba eona ba DC, ha ts'ebetso e ntse e eketseha ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le makhetlo a mangata, ho bolelang hore inductance e lula e le teng joalokaha ho lebeletsoe. L3 e le 35.6 ± 0.3 MHz le L4 e le 24.3 ± 0.6 MHz. Ho itšetleha ha makhetlo a mangata a boleng ba Q (e lekanang le ωL / R) ho bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 2b.L3 le L4 ho finyella lintlha tse phahameng tsa boleng ba 35 ± 1 le 33 ± 1. ka maqhubu a 11 le 16 MHz, ka ho latellana.The inductance ea μH tse seng kae le Q e batlang e phahame ka maqhubu a MHz e etsa hore li-inductors tsena li lekane ho nka sebaka sa li-inductors tsa setso ka matla a tlaase a DC-DC converters.
Khanyetso e lekantsoeng ea R le reactance X (a) le ntlha ea boleng Q (b) ea li-inductors L3 le L4 li amana le maqhubu.
E le ho fokotsa sebaka sa maoto se hlokahalang bakeng sa bokhoni bo fanoeng, ho molemo ho sebelisa theknoloji ea capacitor e nang le matla a maholo a khethehileng, a lekanang le dielectric kamehla ε e arotsoe ka botenya ba dielectric. Mosebetsing ona, re khethile barium titanate composite e le dielectric hobane e na le epsilon e phahameng ho feta tse ling tsa dielectric tse entsoeng ka tharollo. Lera la dielectric le hatisitsoe pakeng tsa li-conductor tse peli tsa silevera ho etsa mohaho oa tšepe-dielectric-metal. , li etsoa ho sebelisoa likarolo tse peli kapa tse tharo tsa enke ea dielectric ho boloka chai e ntle.Setšoantšo sa 3b se bontša sekhetho sa SEM micrograph ea sekhetho sa moemeli se entsoeng ka likarolo tse peli tsa dielectric, ka bophara ba dielectric tsa 21 μm. ke 5064H ea lera le tse tšeletseng ka ho latellana.Likaroloana tsa barium titanate tse boholo ba Micron li bonahala setšoantšong sa SEM hobane libaka tse khanyang li pota-potiloe ke "binder" e lefifi. filimi ea tšepe e hatisitsoeng, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe papisong e nang le kholo e phahameng.
(a) Senepe sa capacitor se nang le libaka tse hlano tse fapaneng.(b) SEM micrograph ea cross-sectional SEM micrograph ea capacitor e nang le likarolo tse peli tsa dielectric, e bontšang barium titanate dielectric le li-electric tsa silevera.(c) Bokhoni ba li-capacitor tse nang le 2 le 3 barium titanate likarolo tsa dielectric le libaka tse fapaneng, tse lekantsoeng ho 1 MHz. (d) Kamano pakeng tsa bokhoni, ESR, le tahlehelo ea karolo ea 2.25 cm2 ea capacitor e nang le likarolo tsa 2 tsa liphahlo tsa dielectric le maqhubu.
Bokhoni bo lekana le sebaka se lebelletsoeng.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3c, matla a khethehileng a dielectric tse peli ke 0.53 nF / cm2, 'me matla a khethehileng a dielectric tse tharo ke 0.33 nF / cm2. capacitance le dissipation factor (DF) le tsona li ne li lekantsoe ka maqhubu a fapaneng, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3d, bakeng sa 2.25 cm2 capacitor e nang le likarolo tse peli tsa dielectric. ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 10 MHz, ha e ntse e le moeling o le mong, DF e eketsehile ho tloha 0.013 ho ea ho 0.023. Kaha ntho ea ho senya ke karolelano ea tahlehelo ea matla ho matla a bolokiloeng potolohong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea AC, DF ea 0.02 e bolela hore 2% ea matla a sebetsanoang. ka capacitor e jeoa.Tahlehelo ena e atisa ho hlalosoa e le maqhubu-e itšetlehileng ka palo e lekanang letoto la ho hanyetsa (ESR) e kopantsoeng letotong le capacitor, e lekanang le DF / ωC. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3d, bakeng sa maqhubu a maholo ho feta 1 MHz, ESR e ka tlase ho 1.5 Ω, 'me bakeng sa maqhubu a maholo ho feta 4 MHz, ESR e tlase ho 0.5 Ω. Le hoja ho sebelisa theknoloji ena ea capacitor, li-capacitor tsa μF-class tse hlokahalang bakeng sa li-converter tsa DC-DC li hloka sebaka se seholo haholo, empa 100 pF- nF capacitance range le tahlehelo e tlase ea li-capacitor tsena li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ling, tse kang li-filters le li-circuits tsa resonant .Mekhoa e sa tšoaneng e ka sebelisoa ho eketsa bokhoni.A dielectric e phahameng kamehla e eketsa matla a khethehileng 37;mohlala, sena se ka finyelloa ka ho eketsa mahloriso a likaroloana tsa barium titanate ka inki. Ho ka sebelisoa botenya bo bonyenyane ba dielectric, le hoja sena se hloka electrode e ka tlaase e nang le boima bo tlaase ho feta flake ea silevera e hatisitsoeng skrineng. Thinner, tlaase roughness capacitor likarolo li ka kenngoa ka khatiso ea inkjet 31 kapa khatiso ea gravure 10, e ka kopanngoang le ts'ebetso ea khatiso ea skrine. Qetellong, likarolo tse ngata tse fapanyetsanang tsa tšepe le dielectric li ka kenngoa le ho hatisoa le ho kopanngoa ka tsela e tšoanang, kahoo ho eketsa bokhoni ba 34 sebakeng sa yuniti. .
Sehlahisoa sa motlakase se entsoeng ka li-resistors tse peli hangata se sebelisetsoa ho etsa tekanyo ea motlakase e hlokehang bakeng sa taolo ea maikutlo ea motlakase oa motlakase. lisebelisoa li nyenyane.Mona, ho ile ha fumanoa hore khanyetso ea lakane ea enke ea carbon e hatisitsoeng skrineng e le 'ngoe e ne e le 900 Ω/ □. Boitsebiso bona bo sebelisetsoa ho rala li-resistors tse peli tse melang (R1 le R2) le sehanyetsi sa serpentine (R3). ) ka ho hanyetsa ka lebitso la 10 kΩ, 100 kΩ, le 1.5 MΩ. Ho hanyetsa pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa mabitso ho finyelloa ka ho hatisa likarolo tse peli kapa tse tharo tsa enke, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 4, le lifoto tsa tse tharo tse hanyetsang. Etsa 8- lisampole tse 12 tsa mofuta o mong le o mong;maemong 'ohle, ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng ha khanyetso ke 10% kapa ka tlase.Phetoho ea ho hanyetsa ea lisampole tse nang le likarolo tse peli kapa tse tharo tsa ho roala li atisa ho ba tse nyenyane ho feta tsa lisampole tse nang le lera le le leng la ho roala.Phetoho e nyenyane ea ho hanyetsa ho lekanngoa 'me tumellano e haufi le boleng ba lebitso e bontša hore ho hanyetsa tse ling sebakeng sena ho ka fumanoa ka ho toba ka ho fetola geometry ea resistor.
Li-geometries tse fapaneng tse tharo tse fapaneng tse nang le lipalo tse fapaneng tsa li-inki tse thibelang k'habone.
Li-circuits tsa RLC ke mehlala ea khale ea libuka tsa li-resistor, inductor, le capacitor motsoako o sebelisetsoang ho bontša le ho netefatsa boitšoaro ba likaroloana tse sa sebetseng tse kopantsoeng le lipotoloho tsa sebele tse hatisitsoeng. 25 kΩ resistor e hokahane ka tsela e tšoanang le tsona. Setšoantšo sa potoloho e feto-fetohang se bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 5a. Lebaka la ho khetha letoto lena le khethehileng-papiso ea motsoako ke hore boitšoaro ba eona bo khethoa ke e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likarolo tse tharo tse fapaneng tsa maqhubu, e le hore ts'ebetso ea karolo ka 'ngoe e ka totobatsoa le ho hlahlojoa.Ho nahanoa ka 7 Ω letoto la khanyetso ea inductor le 1.3 Ω ESR ea capacitor, ho lebeletsoe karabelo ea maqhubu a potoloho e ne e baloa.Sets'oants'o sa potoloho se bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 5b, le se baloang. impedance amplitude le phase le litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng li bonts'itsoe ho Lipalo 5c le d. Ka maqhubu a tlase, impedance e phahameng ea capacitor e bolela hore boits'oaro ba potoloho bo khethoa ke mohanyetsi oa 25 kΩ. tsela ea LC ea fokotseha;Boits'oaro bohle ba potoloho ke capacitive ho fihlela maqhubu a resonant e le 2.0 MHz. Ho feta maqhubu a resonance, inductive impedance e busa. Setšoantšo sa 5 se bontša ka ho hlaka tumellano e babatsehang pakeng tsa litekanyetso tse baloang le tse lekantsoeng ho pholletsa le mefuta eohle ea maqhubu. Sena se bolela hore mohlala o sebelisitsoeng mona (moo li-inductors le li-capacitor e leng likarolo tse loketseng tse nang le letoto la ho hanyetsa) e nepahetse bakeng sa ho bolela esale pele boitšoaro ba potoloho ka maqhubu ana.
(a) Setšoantšo sa potoloho ea RLC e hatisitsoeng skrineng e sebelisang motsoako oa letoto la 8 μH inductor le 0.8 nF capacitor hammoho le 25 kΩ resistor. ,d) The impedance amplitude (c) le mohato (d) oa potoloho.
Qetellong, li-inductors le li-resistors tse hatisitsoeng li kenngoa ts'ebetsong ea boost regulator.IC e sebelisitsoeng pontšong ena ke Microchip MCP1640B14, e leng PWM-based synchronous boost regulator e nang le maqhubu a sebetsang a 500 kHz. Setšoantšo sa potoloho se bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 6a.A. 4.7 μH inductor le li-capacitor tse peli (4.7 μF le 10 μF) li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea matla, 'me li-resistors li sebelisetsoa ho lekanya phallo ea motlakase ea taolo ea maikutlo.Khetha boleng ba ho hanyetsa ho fetola motlakase oa tlhahiso ho 5 V. Potoloho e etsoa ho PCB, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e lekantsoe ka har'a ho hanyetsa mojaro le mefuta e mengata ea motlakase ea 3 ho ea ho 4 V ho etsisa betri ea lithium-ion libakeng tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho tjhaja. ho sebetsa hantle ha li-inductors tsa SMT le li-resistors.Li-capacitor tsa SMT li sebelisoa maemong ohle hobane matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa kopo ena a maholo haholo hore a ka phethoa ka li-capacitor tse hatisitsoeng.
(a) Setšoantšo sa "voltage stabilizing circuit". (b-d) (b) Vout, (c) Vsw, le (d) Waveforms ea hona joale e phallang ho inductor, motlakase oa ho kenya ke 4.0 V, ho hanyetsa mojaro ke 1 kΩ, 'me inductor e hatisitsoeng e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya.Surface mount resistors le capacitor li sebelisetsoa tekanyo ena.(e) Bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea ho hanyetsa mojaro le li-voltages tsa ho kenya letsoho, ho sebetsa hantle ha li-circuits tsa voltage regulator ho sebelisa likarolo tsohle tsa holim'a thaba le li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng le li-resistors.(f ) Karo-karolelano ea katleho ea sebaka se holimo le potoloho e hatisitsoeng e bontšitsoeng ho (e).
Bakeng sa motlakase oa 4.0 V le 1000 Ω ho hanyetsa mojaro, maqhubu a lekantsoeng a sebelisa li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng a bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 6b-d. Setšoantšo sa 6c se bontša motlakase ho Vsw terminal ea IC;motlakase oa inductor ke Vin-Vsw. Setšoantšo sa 6d se bontša hore hona joale ho phalla ho inductor.Tlhahiso ea potoloho e nang le SMT le likarolo tse hatisitsoeng e bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 6e e le mosebetsi oa ho kenya letsoho le ho hanyetsa mojaro, 'me Setšoantšo sa 6f se bontša tekanyo ea katleho. ea likarolo tse hatisitsoeng ho likarolo tsa SMT. Bokhoni bo lekantsoeng ka ho sebelisa likarolo tsa SMT bo tšoana le boleng bo lebeletsoeng bo fanoeng leqepheng la data la moetsi 14.Ka nako e phahameng ea ho kenya letsoho (ho hanyetsa mojaro o tlaase le motlakase o fokolang oa ho kenya letsoho), katleho ea li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng e tlase haholo ho feta. ea li-inductors tsa SMT ka lebaka la khanyetso e phahameng ea letoto. Leha ho le joalo, ka matla a phahameng a ho kenya letsoho le ho feta hona joale, tahlehelo ea ho hanyetsa e fetoha ea bohlokoa haholo, 'me ts'ebetso ea li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng e qala ho atamela ho li-inductors tsa SMT.Bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mojaro> 500 Ω le Vin = 4.0 V kapa > 750 Ω le Vin = 3.5 V, katleho ea li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng e kholo ho feta 85% ea li-inductors tsa SMT.
Ho bapisa waveform ea hona joale ho Setšoantšo sa 6d le tahlehelo ea matla e lekantsoeng e bontša hore tahlehelo ea ho hanyetsa ho inductor ke eona sesosa se ka sehloohong sa phapang ea katleho pakeng tsa potoloho e hatisitsoeng le potoloho ea SMT, joalokaha ho lebeletsoe. Matla a ho kenya le ho tsoa a lekantsoe ho 4.0 V. motlakase oa ho kenya letsoho le 1000 Ω ho hanyetsa mojaro ke 30.4 mW le 25.8 mW bakeng sa lipotoloho tse nang le likarolo tsa SMT, le 33.1 mW le 25.2 mW bakeng sa lipotoloho tse nang le likarolo tse hatisitsoeng. Ka hona, tahlehelo ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng ke 7.9 mW, e leng 3.4 mW e phahameng ho feta potoloho e nang le likarolo tsa SMT.The RMS inductor ea hona joale e baloang ho tloha ho waveform ho Setšoantšo sa 6d ke 25.6 mA.Kaha letoto la eona la ho hanyetsa ke 4.9 Ω, tahlehelo ea matla e lebelletsoeng ke 3.2 mW. Ena ke 96% ea phapang ea matla a 3.4 mW DC. Ho feta moo, potoloho e etsoa ka li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng le li-resistors tse hatisitsoeng le li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng le li-resistators tsa SMT, le ha ho phapang e kholo ea katleho e bonoang lipakeng tsa bona.
Ebe motlakase oa motlakase o etsoa ho PCB e feto-fetohang (ho hatisoa ha potoloho le ts'ebetso ea karolo ea SMT ho bontšoa ho Supplementary Figure S1) 'me e hokahane pakeng tsa betri ea lithium-ion e feto-fetohang e le mohloli oa matla le sehlopha sa OLED e le mojaro.Ho latela Lochner et al.9 Ho etsa li-OLED, pixel e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea OLED e sebelisa 0.6 mA ho 5 V. Betri e sebelisa lithium cobalt oxide le graphite e le cathode le anode, ka ho latellana, 'me e etsoa ke ngaka ea lehare la ngaka, e leng mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho hatisa betri.7 matla a betri ke 16mAh, 'me motlakase nakong ea teko ke 4.0V. Setšoantšo sa 7 se bontša foto ea potoloho ho PCB e tenyetsehang, e matlafatsang lipikselse tse tharo tsa OLED tse kopantsoeng ka tsela e tšoanang. lisebelisoa tse tenyetsehang le tsa manyolo ho theha litsamaiso tse rarahaneng tsa elektroniki.
Senepe sa potoloho ea voltage regulator ho PCB e tenyetsehang e sebelisa li-inductors le li-resistors tse hatisitsoeng, li sebelisa libeteri tse feto-fetohang tsa lithium-ion ho matlafatsa li-LED tse tharo tsa tlhaho.
Re bonts'itse li-inductors tse hatisitsoeng skrineng, li-capacitor le li-resistors tse nang le mefuta e mengata ea boleng ho li-flexible PET substrates, ka sepheo sa ho nkela lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki sebakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase. , le karo-karolelano ea bophara ba sebaka-sebaka, le ka ho sebelisa lesela le teteaneng la enke e hanyetsanang ka tlaase.Likaroloana tsena li kopantsoe ho potoloho ea RLC e hatisitsoeng ka ho feletseng le e tenyetsehang 'me e bontša boitšoaro bo ka lebelloang ba motlakase sebakeng sa maqhubu a kHz-MHz, e leng se seholo ka ho fetisisa. thahasello ea motlakase oa motlakase.
Tlhōr organic electronic equipment) e hloka motlakase o sa khaotseng kapa o phahameng ho feta o hlahisoang ke betri, ho hlokahala motlakase oa motlakase. Ka har'a mefuta e itseng ea motlakase oa motlakase le motlakase o kenang, katleho ea potoloho ena e feta 85% ea ts'ebetso ea potoloho ea taolo e sebelisang li-inductors le li-resistors tsa holim'a metsi. tahlehelo ea ho hanyetsa ho inductor e ntse e le ntho e fokolang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea potoloho maemong a phahameng a hona joale (ho kenya letsoho ho feta hoo e ka bang 10 mA) . ea IC.Kaha lisebelisoa tse ngata tse hatisitsoeng le tse entsoeng ka tlhaho li hloka maqhubu a batlang a le tlaase, joalo ka li-OLED tse nyenyane tse sebelisoang pontšong ea rona, li-inductors tsa matla tse hatisitsoeng li ka nkoa li loketse likopo tse joalo. e phahameng ka kakaretso converter bokgoni ka finyelloang.
Mosebetsing ona, motlakase oa motlakase o hahiloe holim'a PCB ea setso, PCB e feto-fetohang le theknoloji ea soldering ea holim'a metsi, ha karolo e hatisitsoeng e etsoa ka substrate e arohaneng. lifilimi tse hatisitsoeng li lokela ho lumella likarolo tse sa sebetseng, hammoho le ho hokahana pakeng tsa sesebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsa ho ikopanya le karolo ea holim'a thaba, hore li hatisoe holim'a substrate efe kapa efe. Sena, se kopantsoe le tšebeliso ea li-adhesives tse teng tse nang le mocheso o tlaase bakeng sa likarolo tsa holim'a thaba, li tla lumella. potoloho eohle e lokelang ho hahoa holim'a li-substrates tse theko e tlaase (tse kang PET) ntle le tlhokahalo ea mekhoa e fokolang e kang PCB etching.Ka hona, likaroloana tse entsoeng ka skrine tse hatisitsoeng tse entsoeng mosebetsing ona li thusa ho bula tsela ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse feto-fetohang tse kopanyang matla le meroalo. e nang le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse sebetsang hantle, tse sebelisang li-substrates tse theko e tlaase, haholo-holo mekhoa ea tlatsetso le e fokolang Palo ea likarolo tsa holim'a holim'a thaba.
Ho sebelisa mochine oa khatiso oa skrine oa Asys ASP01M le skrine ea tšepe e sa hloekang e fanoeng ke Dynamesh Inc., likarolo tsohle tsa likarolo tse sa sebetseng li ne li hatisitsoe holim'a substrate e feto-fetohang ea PET e nang le botenya ba 76 μm. mela ka lisenthimithara bakeng sa lera la dielectric le lera la ho hanyetsa. Sebelisa matla a squeegee a 55 N, lebelo la khatiso la 60 mm / s, sebaka se senyang sa 1.5 mm, le Serilor squeegee e nang le boima ba 65 (bakeng sa tšepe le ho hanyetsa. layers) kapa 75 (bakeng sa dielectric layers) bakeng sa khatiso ea skrine.
Li-conductive layers-li-inductors le li-contacts tsa capacitor le resistors-li hatisitsoe ka DuPont 5082 kapa DuPont 5064H silver microflake inki. The resistor e hatisitsoe ka DuPont 7082 carbon conductor. Bakeng sa capacitor dielectric, conductive compound BT-101 dielectric titana e sebelisoa.Lera le leng le le leng la dielectric le hlahisoa ho sebelisoa potoloho ea khatiso ea lipasa tse peli (metsi-metsi) ho ntlafatsa ho tšoana ha filimi.Bakeng sa karolo ka 'ngoe, phello ea lipotoloho tse ngata tsa khatiso mabapi le ts'ebetso ea likarolo le ho fapana ho ile ha hlahlojoa.Mehlala e entsoeng ka liphahlo tse ngata tsa thepa e tšoanang li ne li omisitsoe ka 70 ° C bakeng sa metsotso ea 2 pakeng tsa liphahlo. Ka mor'a ho sebelisa seaparo sa ho qetela sa thepa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, mehlala e ne e behoa ka 140 ° C bakeng sa metsotso ea 10 ho etsa bonnete ba ho omella ka ho feletseng. Mosebetsi oa ho ikamahanya le othomathi oa skrine mochine oa khatiso o sebelisetsoa ho hokahanya likarolo tse latelang.Ho kopana le setsi sa inductor ho finyelloa ka ho khaola lesoba holim'a letlapa le bohareng le mesaletsa ea khatiso ea stencil ka morao ho substrate e nang le enke ea DuPont 5064H. Khokahano pakeng tsa thepa ea khatiso e boetse e sebelisa Dupont. Ho hatisoa ha stencil ea 5064H.E le hore ho bontšoe likarolo tse hatisitsoeng le likarolo tsa SMT ho PCB e feto-fetohang e bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 7, likarolo tse hatisitsoeng li kopantsoe ho sebelisoa Circuit Works CW2400 conductive epoxy, 'me likarolo tsa SMT li kopantsoe ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa soldering.
Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) le li-electrode tse thehiloeng ho graphite li sebelisoa e le cathode le anode ea betri, ka ho latellana.The cathode slurry ke motsoako oa 80% LCO (MTI Corp.), 7.5% graphite (KS6, Timcal), 2.5 % carbon black (Super P, Timcal) le 10% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Kureha Corp.).) Anode ke motsoako oa 84wt% graphite, 4wt% carbon black le 13wt% PVDF.N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, Sigma Aldrich) e sebelisetsoa ho qhaqha PVDF binder le ho qhala slurry.The slurry was homogenized by ho hlohlelletsa ka motsoako oa vortex ka bosiu bo le bong.A 0.0005 inch thick stainless steel foil le 10 μm nickel foil e sebelisoa e le babokelli ba hona joale bakeng sa cathode le anode, ka ho latellana.Enke e hatisoa ho mokelli oa hona joale ka squeegee ka lebelo la khatiso la 20 mm / s. Chesa electrode ka ontong ka 80 ° C bakeng sa lihora tsa 2 ho tlosa solvent. Bophahamo ba electrode ka mor'a ho omisa ke hoo e ka bang 60 μm, 'me ho itšetlehile ka boima ba thepa e sebetsang, matla a theory ke 1.65 mAh. / cm2. Li-electrode li ne li khaotsoe ka litekanyo tsa 1.3 × 1.3 cm2 'me li chesoa ka ontong ea vacuum ka 140 ° C bosiu bo le bong, ebe li tiisitsoe ka mekotla ea aluminium laminate ka lebokose la li-glove le tletseng naetrojene.Tharollo ea filimi ea polypropylene e nang le anode le cathode le 1M LiPF6 ho EC/DEC (1:1) e sebelisoa e le electrolyte ea betri.
OLED e tala e na le poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-n-(4-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine) (TFB) le poly((9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7- (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-) 4, 8-diyl)) (F8BT) ho latela mokhoa o hlalositsoeng ho Lochner et al. 9.
Sebelisa Dektak stylus profiler ho lekanya botenya ba filimi.Filimi e ile ea khaoloa ho lokisa sampole ea likarolo tse fapaneng bakeng sa lipatlisiso ka ho hlahloba electron microscopy (SEM).The FEI Quanta 3D field emission gun (FEG) SEM e sebelisoa ho tšoaea sebopeho sa se hatisitsoeng. filimi 'me u netefatse tekanyo ea botenya.Phuputso ea SEM e entsoe ka motlakase o potlakileng oa 20 keV le sebaka se tloaelehileng sa ho sebetsa sa 10 mm.
Sebelisa multimeter ea digital ho lekanya ho hanyetsa ha DC, voltage le hona joale. The impedance ea AC ea li-inductors, capacitor le li-circuits li lekanngoa ka Agilent E4980 LCR meter bakeng sa maqhubu a ka tlase ho 1 MHz le Agilent E5061A analyzer ea marang-rang e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya maqhubu a fetang 500 kHz. Tektronix TDS 5034 oscilloscope ho lekanya sebopeho sa maqhubu a taolo ea motlakase.
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