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Bophelong ba rona, hangata re sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki, joalo ka mehala ea cellular, likhomphutha, lithelevishene joalo-joalo; empa, na ua tseba hore lisebelisoa tsena tsa motlakase li entsoe ka likarolo tse likete tsa elektroniki, empa Re iphapanyetse boteng ba tsona. Ha re shebeng likarolo tsa elektronike tse sebelisoang hangata tse etsang lisebelisoa tsena tsa elektroniki, ebe re etsa maemo a holimo a 10 a likarolo tsena tsa elektronike tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo.

Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki ka har'a mehala ea thekeng
1. Lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo
Taba ea pele, a re hlahlobeng hore na ke lisebelisoa life tsa elektronike tse sebelisoang hangata. Ka kakaretso, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse sebelisoang hangata ke: li-capacitor, li-resistors, inductors, potentiometers, diode, transistors, li-elektrone tubes, li-relay, li-transformer, li-connectors, likarolo tse fapaneng tse hlokolosi, li-resonator, li-filters, li-switches, joalo-joalo.
2. Maemo a holimo a 10 a lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse sebelisoang hangata
Ka mor'a moo, re tsoela pele ho sheba maemo a holimo a 10 a lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse sebelisoang hangata ho bona hore na ke karolo efe e ka bang mookameli.
No. 10: Transformer. Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa transformer (Lebitso la Senyesemane: Transformer) ke sesebelisoa se sebelisang molao-motheo oa ho kenya motlakase ho fetola motlakase oa AC. E bapala karolo ea ho phahamisa le ho theola motlakase lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, hape e na le mesebetsi e kang ho bapisa impedance le ho itšehla thajana ka polokeho.

No. 9: Kutlo. Sensor (lebitso la Senyesemane: transducer/sensor) ke sesebelisoa sa ho lemoha se ka utloang tlhahisoleseling e lekantsoeng, mme se ka fetola tlhahisoleseling e lemohuoang hore e be mats'oao a motlakase kapa mefuta e meng e hlokahalang ea tlhahiso ea tlhahisoleseling ho latela melao e itseng ho kopana le phetiso ea tlhahisoleseling, ts'ebetso, polokelo. , litlhoko tsa ponts'o, ho rekota le ho laola. E le hore batho ba fumane boitsebiso bo tsoang linaheng tse ling, ba tlameha ho sebelisa litho tsa kutlo. Leha ho le joalo, litho tsa kutlo tsa batho li hole le ho lekana thutong ea liketsahalo tsa tlhaho le melao le mesebetsi ea tlhahiso. Ho ikamahanya le boemo bona, li-sensor lia hlokahala. Ka hona, ho ka boleloa hore kutlo ke katoloso ea litho tse hlano tsa kutlo tsa motho, tse tsejoang hape e le methapo ea kutlo e mehlano ea motlakase.

No. 8: Tube ea phello ea tšimo. Field effect transistor (Lebitso la Senyesemane: Field Effect Transistor abbreviation (FET)), lebitso le feletseng la field effect transistor, ke sesebelisoa sa semiconductor se sebelisang matla a motlakase a matla a ho laola loop ho laola loop current, 'me e reheletsoe ka eona. Tube ea phello ea tšimo e lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho holisa, ho hanyetsa ho feto-fetoha, tšebeliso e bonolo e le mohloli o sa khaotseng oa hona joale, sesebelisoa sa elektroniki, impedance e phahameng ea ho kenya letsoho, 'me e loketse haholo phetoho ea impedance.

No. 7: Transistor. Transistor ke sesebelisoa sa semiconductor se laolang hona joale mme se ka holisa hona joale. Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho holisa letšoao le fokolang ho letšoao la motlakase le nang le boleng bo boholo ba amplitude; e boetse e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa se se nang mabitso ho laola lipotoloho tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki.

No. 6: Varactor diode. Varactor Diodes (Lebitso la Senyesemane: Varactor Diodes), e tsejoang hape e le "Variable Reactance Diodes", e entsoe ka ho sebelisa tšobotsi ea hore matla a mateano a fapana ho ea ka motlakase o sebelisitsoeng ha pN junction e leeme ka morao. E sebelisoa ho tokiso ea maqhubu a holimo, puisano le lipotoloho tse ling. E sebelisoa e le capacitor e feto-fetohang. . E sebelisoa lipotolohong tsa maqhubu a phahameng bakeng sa tokiso ea othomathiki, ho feto-fetoha ha maqhubu, le ho leka-lekanya, mohlala, e le capacitor e feto-fetohang ho lupu ea tokiso ea moamoheli oa thelevishene.

Varactor diode
No. 5: Inductor. Inductance ke thepa ea loop e koetsoeng le bongata ba 'mele. Ha khoele e feta hona joale, matla a khoheli a kenngoa ka har'a coil, 'me matla a khoheli a susumelitsoeng a tla hlahisa motlakase o susumelitsoeng ho hanyetsa hona joale ho feta ka coil; inductor (Lebitso la Senyesemane: Inductor) ke karolo ea inductance e entsoeng ka thepa ea inductance. Ha ho se na hona joale ka inductor, e tla leka ho thibela hona joale ho phalla ho eona ha potoloho e ntse e tsoela pele; haeba inductor e le hona joale ka boemo, e tla leka ho boloka hona joale ha potoloho e tima. Li-inductors li boetse li bitsoa chokes, reactor, le li-reactor tse matla.

No. 4: Diode ea Zener. Zener diode (lebitso la Senyesemane Zener diode) ke ts'ebeliso ea pn junction reverse breakdown state, ea hajoale e ka fetoloa ka bongata bo boholo ha motlakase e le ntho e ts'oanang, e entsoeng ka diode e nang le matla a ho tsitsisa ha motlakase. Diode ena ke sesebelisoa sa semiconductor se nang le khanyetso e phahameng ho fihlela motlakase o senyehang oa bohlokoa. Sebakeng sena sa bohlokoa sa ho senyeha, ho hanyetsa ka morao ho fokotsehile ho ba bohlokoa bo fokolang haholo, 'me hona joale ho eketseha sebakeng sena se tlaase sa ho hanyetsa. Motlakase o lula o le teng, 'me diode ea Zener e arotsoe ho ea ka matla a ho senya. Ka lebaka la tšobotsi ena, diode ea Zener e sebelisoa haholo-holo e le motlakase oa motlakase kapa karolo ea referense ea motlakase. Li-diode tsa Zener li ka hokelloa ka letoto bakeng sa tšebeliso ea matla a holimo, 'me li-voltage tse phahameng tse tsitsitseng li ka fumanoa ka ho li hokahanya ka letoto.

Zener diode
No. 3: Crystal diode. Crystal diode (Lebitso la Sesotho: crystaldiode) Sesebedisoa se mathokong a mabedi a semiconductor sesebediswang sa elektroniki sa boemo bo tiileng. Ntho e ka sehloohong ea lisebelisoa tsena ke litšoaneleho tsa tsona tse se nang moeli tsa hona joale-voltage. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ka nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor le thekenoloji ea ts'ebetso, ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa semiconductor, li-doping distribution, le mehaho ea geometri, mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-crystal diode tse nang le mefuta e mengata ea mehaho le mesebetsi e fapaneng le tšebeliso e 'nile ea ntlafatsoa. Lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso li kenyelletsa germanium, silicon le li-semiconductors tse kopaneng. Crystal diode e ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa, ho laola, ho amohela, ho fetola, ho holisa matšoao le ho fetola matla. Li-crystal diode li sebelisoa haholo thepa ea elektronike, empa li ka ba boemong ba boraro feela lethathamong la lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse sebelisoang hangata.

Crystal diode
No. 2: Li-capacitors. Li-capacitor hangata li khutsufatsoa joalo ka li-capacitor (lebitso la Senyesemane: capacitor). Capacitor, joalo ka ha lebitso le fana ka maikutlo, ke 'sets'oants'o sa ho ts'oara motlakase', sesebelisoa se ts'oereng motlakase. Li-capacitor ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa elektronike tse sebelisoang haholo ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Li sebelisoa haholo lipotolohong tse kang ho thibela, ho kopanya, ho feta, ho sefa, ho lokisa li-loops, ho fetola matla le taolo.
Li-capacitor li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, empa li ka beoa maemong a bobeli feela lethathamong la lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse sebelisoang hangata. Joale nako ea ho bona mohlolo ona e fihlile.
No. 1: Bahanyetsi. Li-resistors (Lebitso la Senyesemane: Resistor) hangata li bitsoa resistors bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ke karolo ea hona joale ea moeli. Resistor e na le phello e thibelang ho ea hona joale. E ka fokotsa hona joale ka lekala le amanang le lona, ​​​​'me hona joale ho ka fetoloa ka ho hanyetsa ha mohanyetsi, e le ho etsa bonnete ba hore likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa thepa ea elektronike li sebetsa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng tlas'a sekhahla se lekantsoeng. , Le hoja karolo ea ho hanyetsa e tloaelehile haholo, empa bohlokoa ba eona ke ba bohlokoa haholo, ka ho hanyetsa ho netefatsa polokeho ea likarolo tse sa tšoaneng.